Mobile exergaming in adolescents’ everyday life—contextual design of where, when, with whom, and how: the SmartLife case

Exergames, more specifically console-based exergames, are generally enjoyed by adolescents and known to increase physical activity. Nevertheless, they have a reduced usage over time and demonstrate little effectiveness over the long term. In order to increase playing time, mobile exergames may increase potential playing time, but need to be engaging and integrated in everyday life. The goal of the present study was to examine the context of gameplay for mobile exergaming in adolescents’ everyday life to inform game design and the integration of gameplay into everyday life. Eight focus groups were conducted with 49 Flemish adolescents (11 to 17 years of age). The focus groups were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed by means of thematic analysis via Nvivo 11 software (QSR International Pty Ltd., Victoria, Australia). The adolescents indicated leisure time and travel time to and from school as suitable timeframes for playing a mobile exergame. Outdoor gameplay should be restricted to the personal living environment of adolescents. Besides outdoor locations, the game should also be adaptable to at-home activities. Activities could vary from running outside to fitness exercises inside. Furthermore, the social context of the game was important, e.g., playing in teams or meeting at (virtual) meeting points. Physical activity tracking via smart clothing was identified as a motivator for gameplay. By means of this study, game developers may be better equipped to develop mobile exergames that embed gameplay in adolescents’ everyday life

An investigation into the fabrication parameters of screen-printed capacitive sensors on e-textiles

[EN] The design and development of textile-based capacitive sensors requires the implementation of textile capacitors with a determined capacitance. One of the main techniques to obtain these sensors is the screen-printing of conductive and dielectric inks on textiles. This paper investigates the fabrication parameters that have the most influence when designing and implementing a screen-printed capacitive sensor. In this work, a textile has been used directly as the dielectric part, influencing sensitively the value of the permittivity and the thickness of the dielectric of the capacitor. These are two fundamental parameters for the estimation of its capacitance. The choice of the conductive ink, its viscosity and solid content, as well as printing parameters, such as printing direction, also impact on the manner for obtaining the electrodes of the capacitive sensor. Although the resulting electrodes do not represent an important parameter for the estimation of the capacitance, it determines the selection of fabrics that can be printed. As a result of the investigation, the paper provides a guideline to choose the materials, such as fabrics or inks, as well as the printing parameters, to implement e-textile applications based on projected capacitive technologies. The experiments carried out on different fabrics and inks have provided results with capacities of less than 60 pF, the limit where the sensors based on capacitive technologies are located.The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Conselleria d'Economia Sostenible, Sectors Productius i Treball, through IVACE (Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial) and cofounded by ERDF funding from the European Union (Application no. IMAMCI/2019/1). This work was also supported by the Spanish Government/FEDER funds (RTI2018-100910-B-C43) (MINECO/FEDER).Ferri, J.; Llinares Llopis, R.; Moreno, J.; Lidon-Roger, JV.; Garcia-Breijo, E. (2020). An investigation into the fabrication parameters of screen-printed capacitive sensors on e-textiles. Textile Research Journal. 90(15-16):1749-1769. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517519901016S174917699015-16Gonçalves, C., Ferreira da Silva, A., Gomes, J., & Simoes, R. (2018). Wearable E-Textile Technologies: A Review on Sensors, Actuators and Control Elements. Inventions, 3(1), 14. doi:10.3390/inventions3010014Mostafalu, P., Tamayol, A., Rahimi, R., Ochoa, M., Khalilpour, A., Kiaee, G., … Khademhosseini, A. (2018). Smart Bandage for Monitoring and Treatment of Chronic Wounds. Small, 14(33), 1703509. doi:10.1002/smll.201703509Shi, H., Zhao, H., Liu, Y., Gao, W., & Dou, S.-C. (2019). Systematic Analysis of a Military Wearable Device Based on a Multi-Level Fusion Framework: Research Directions. Sensors, 19(12), 2651. doi:10.3390/s19122651Kim, K., Jung, M., Jeon, S., & Bae, J. (2019). Robust and scalable three-dimensional spacer textile pressure sensor for human motion detection. Smart Materials and Structures, 28(6), 065019. doi:10.1088/1361-665x/ab1adfFerri, J., Perez Fuster, C., Llinares Llopis, R., Moreno, J., & Garcia‑Breijo, E. (2018). Integration of a 2D Touch Sensor with an Electroluminescent Display by Using a Screen-Printing Technology on Textile Substrate. Sensors, 18(10), 3313. doi:10.3390/s18103313De Vos, M., Torah, R., Glanc-Gostkiewicz, M., & Tudor, J. (2016). A Complex Multilayer Screen-Printed Electroluminescent Watch Display on Fabric. Journal of Display Technology, 12(12), 1757-1763. doi:10.1109/jdt.2016.2613906Lin, X., & Seet, B.-C. (2017). Battery-Free Smart Sock for Abnormal Relative Plantar Pressure Monitoring. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 11(2), 464-473. doi:10.1109/tbcas.2016.2615603Ejupi, A., & Menon, C. (2018). Detection of Talking in Respiratory Signals: A Feasibility Study Using Machine Learning and Wearable Textile-Based Sensors. Sensors, 18(8), 2474. doi:10.3390/s18082474Polanský, R., Soukup, R., Řeboun, J., Kalčík, J., Moravcová, D., Kupka, L., … Hamáček, A. (2017). A novel large-area embroidered temperature sensor based on an innovative hybrid resistive thread. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 265, 111-119. doi:10.1016/j.sna.2017.08.030Komazaki, Y., & Uemura, S. (2019). Stretchable, printable, and tunable PDMS-CaCl2 microcomposite for capacitive humidity sensors on textiles. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 297, 126711. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2019.126711Ng, C. L., & Reaz, M. B. I. (2019). Evolution of a capacitive electromyography contactless biosensor: Design and modelling techniques. Measurement, 145, 460-471. doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2019.05.031Ferri, J., Lidón-Roger, J., Moreno, J., Martinez, G., & Garcia-Breijo, E. (2017). A Wearable Textile 2D Touchpad Sensor Based on Screen-Printing Technology. Materials, 10(12), 1450. doi:10.3390/ma10121450Atalay, O. (2018). Textile-Based, Interdigital, Capacitive, Soft-Strain Sensor for Wearable Applications. Materials, 11(5), 768. doi:10.3390/ma11050768Yongsang Kim, Hyejung Kim, & Hoi-Jun Yoo. (2010). Electrical Characterization of Screen-Printed Circuits on the Fabric. IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging, 33(1), 196-205. doi:10.1109/tadvp.2009.2034536Lee, W. J., Park, J. Y., Nam, H. J., & Choa, S.-H. (2019). The development of a highly stretchable, durable, and printable textile electrode. Textile Research Journal, 89(19-20), 4104-4113. doi:10.1177/0040517519828992Chatterjee, K., Tabor, J., & Ghosh, T. K. (2019). Electrically Conductive Coatings for Fiber-Based E-Textiles. Fibers, 7(6), 51. doi:10.3390/fib7060051Gu, J. F., Gorgutsa, S., & Skorobogatiy, M. (2010). Soft capacitor fibers using conductive polymers for electronic textiles. Smart Materials and Structures, 19(11), 115006. doi:10.1088/0964-1726/19/11/115006Khan, S., Lorenzelli, L., & Dahiya, R. S. (2015). Technologies for Printing Sensors and Electronics Over Large Flexible Substrates: A Review. IEEE Sensors Journal, 15(6), 3164-3185. doi:10.1109/jsen.2014.2375203Zhang, Q., Wang, Y. L., Xia, Y., Zhang, P. F., Kirk, T. V., & Chen, X. D. (2019). Textile‐Only Capacitive Sensors for Facile Fabric Integration without Compromise of Wearability. Advanced Materials Technologies, 4(10), 1900485. doi:10.1002/admt.201900485Mukherjee, P. K. (2018). Dielectric properties in textile materials: a theoretical study. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 110(2), 211-214. doi:10.1080/00405000.2018.1473710Sadi, M. S., Yang, M., Luo, L., Cheng, D., Cai, G., & Wang, X. (2019). Direct screen printing of single-faced conductive cotton fabrics for strain sensing, electrical heating and color changing. Cellulose, 26(10), 6179-6188. doi:10.1007/s10570-019-02526-

A Wearable Textile 2D Touchpad Sensor Based on Screen-Printing Technology

[EN] Among many of the designs used in the detection of 2D gestures for portable technology, the touchpad is one of the most complex and with more functions to implement. Its development has undergone a great push due to its use in displays, but it is not widely used with other technologies. Its application on textiles could allow a wide range of applications in the field of medicine, sports, etc. Obtaining a flexible, robust touchpad with good response and low cost is one of the objectives of this work. A textile touchpad based on a diamond pattern design using screen printing technology has been developed. This technology is widely used in the textile industry and therefore does not require heavy investments. The developed prototypes were analyzed using a particular controller for projected capacitive technologies (pro-cap), which is the most used in gesture detection. Two different designs were used to obtain the best configuration, obtaining a good result in both cases.This work was supported by Spanish Government/FEDER funds (grant number MAT2015-64139-C4-3-R (Mineco/Feder)). The work presented is also funded by the Conselleria d'Economia Sostenible, Sectors Productius i Treball, through IVACE (Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial) and co-funded by ERDF funding from the EU. Application No. IMAMCI/2017/1.Ferri Pascual, J.; Lidon-Roger, JV.; Moreno Canton, J.; Martinez, G.; Garcia-Breijo, E. (2017). A Wearable Textile 2D Touchpad Sensor Based on Screen-Printing Technology. Materials. 10(12):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10121450S1161012Takamatsu, S., Lonjaret, T., Ismailova, E., Masuda, A., Itoh, T., & Malliaras, G. G. (2015). Wearable Keyboard Using Conducting Polymer Electrodes on Textiles. Advanced Materials, 28(22), 4485-4488. doi:10.1002/adma.201504249McMillan, D., Brown, B., Lampinen, A., McGregor, M., Hoggan, E., & Pizza, S. (2017). Situating Wearables. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. doi:10.1145/3025453.3025993Nirjon, S., Gummeson, J., Gelb, D., & Kim, K.-H. (2015). TypingRing. Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services - MobiSys ’15. doi:10.1145/2742647.2742665Rekimoto, J. (s. f.). GestureWrist and GesturePad: unobtrusive wearable interaction devices. Proceedings Fifth International Symposium on Wearable Computers. doi:10.1109/iswc.2001.962092Kim, K., Joo, D., & Lee, K.-P. (2010). Wearable-object-based interaction for a mobile audio device. Proceedings of the 28th of the international conference extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems - CHI EA ’10. doi:10.1145/1753846.1754070Yoon, S. H., Huo, K., & Ramani, K. (2016). Wearable textile input device with multimodal sensing for eyes-free mobile interaction during daily activities. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 33, 17-31. doi:10.1016/j.pmcj.2016.04.008Van Heek, J., Schaar, A. K., Trevisan, B., Bosowski, P., & Ziefle, M. (2014). User requirements for wearable smart textiles. Does the usage context matter (medical vs. sports)? Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare. doi:10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2014.255179Rogers, J. A., Someya, T., & Huang, Y. (2010). Materials and Mechanics for Stretchable Electronics. Science, 327(5973), 1603-1607. doi:10.1126/science.1182383Fan, J. A., Yeo, W.-H., Su, Y., Hattori, Y., Lee, W., Jung, S.-Y., … Rogers, J. A. (2014). Fractal design concepts for stretchable electronics. Nature Communications, 5(1). doi:10.1038/ncomms4266Bhalla, M. R., & Bhalla, A. V. (2010). Comparative Study of Various Touchscreen Technologies. International Journal of Computer Applications, 6(8), 12-18. doi:10.5120/1097-1433Walker, G. (2012). A review of technologies for sensing contact location on the surface of a display. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 20(8), 413-440. doi:10.1002/jsid.100Pedersen, H. C., Jakobsen, M. L., Hanson, S. G., Mosgaard, M., Iversen, T., & Korsgaard, J. (2011). Optical touch screen based on waveguide sensing. Applied Physics Letters, 99(6), 061102. doi:10.1063/1.3615656Emamian, S., Avuthu, S. G. R., Narakathu, B. B., Eshkeiti, A., Chlaihawi, A. A., Bazuin, B. J., … Atashbar, M. Z. (2015). Fully printed and flexible piezoelectric based touch sensitive skin. 2015 IEEE SENSORS. doi:10.1109/icsens.2015.7370651George, B., Zangl, H., Bretterklieber, T., & Brasseur, G. (2010). A Combined Inductive–Capacitive Proximity Sensor for Seat Occupancy Detection. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 59(5), 1463-1470. doi:10.1109/tim.2010.2040910Gunnarsson, E., Karlsteen, M., Berglin, L., & Stray, J. (2014). A novel technique for direct measurements of contact resistance between interlaced conductive yarns in a plain weave. Textile Research Journal, 85(5), 499-511. doi:10.1177/0040517514532158Enokibori, Y., Suzuki, A., Mizuno, H., Shimakami, Y., & Mase, K. (2013). E-textile pressure sensor based on conductive fiber and its structure. Proceedings of the 2013 ACM conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing adjunct publication - UbiComp ’13 Adjunct. doi:10.1145/2494091.2494158Wei, Y., Torah, R., Li, Y., & Tudor, J. (2016). Dispenser printed capacitive proximity sensor on fabric for applications in the creative industries. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 247, 239-246. doi:10.1016/j.sna.2016.06.005Gorgutsa, S., Gu, J. F., & Skorobogatiy, M. (2011). A woven 2D touchpad sensor and a 1D slide sensor using soft capacitor fibers. Smart Materials and Structures, 21(1), 015010. doi:10.1088/0964-1726/21/1/015010Hamdan, N. A., Heller, F., Wacharamanotham, C., Thar, J., & Borchers, J. (2016). Grabrics. Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI EA ’16. doi:10.1145/2851581.2892529Kim, D.-K. (2010). A Touchpad for Force and Location Sensing. ETRI Journal, 32(5), 722-728. doi:10.4218/etrij.10.1510.007

Comparison of E-Textile Techniques and Materials for 3D Gesture Sensor with Boosted Electrode Design

There is an interest in new wearable solutions that can be directly worn on the curved human body or integrated into daily objects. Textiles offer properties that are suitable to be used as holders for electronics or sensors components. Many sensing technologies have been explored considering textiles substrates in combination with conductive materials in the last years. In this work, a novel solution of a gesture recognition touchless sensor is implemented with satisfactory results. Moreover, three manufacturing techniques have been considered as alternatives: screen-printing with conductive ink, embroidery with conductive thread and thermosealing with conductive fabric. The main critical parameters have been analyzed for each prototype including the sensitivity of the sensor, which is an important and specific parameter of this type of sensor. In addition, user validation has been performed, testing several gestures with different subjects. During the tests carried out, flick gestures obtained detection rates from 79% to 89% on average. Finally, in order to evaluate the stability and strength of the solutions, some tests have been performed to assess environmental variations and washability deteriorations. The obtained results are satisfactory regarding temperature and humidity variations. The washability tests revealed that, except for the screen-printing prototype, the sensors can be washed with minimum degradation

SmartLife smart clothing gamification to promote energy-related behaviours among adolescents

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe